ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.1.190.0/23
network10.1.190.0/23
broadcast10.1.191.255
first host10.1.190.1
last host10.1.191.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.1.190.0/23
address00001010.00000001.10111110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.00000001.10111110.00000000
broadcast00001010.00000001.10111111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a01be00
decimal167886336
reverse dns0.190.1.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a01:be00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.1.190.0/3110.1.190.0 – 10.1.190.110.1.190.1
210.1.190.2/3110.1.190.2 – 10.1.190.310.1.190.3
310.1.190.4/3110.1.190.4 – 10.1.190.510.1.190.5
410.1.190.6/3110.1.190.6 – 10.1.190.710.1.190.7
510.1.190.8/3110.1.190.8 – 10.1.190.910.1.190.9
610.1.190.10/3110.1.190.10 – 10.1.190.1110.1.190.11
710.1.190.12/3110.1.190.12 – 10.1.190.1310.1.190.13
810.1.190.14/3110.1.190.14 – 10.1.190.1510.1.190.15
910.1.190.16/3110.1.190.16 – 10.1.190.1710.1.190.17
1010.1.190.18/3110.1.190.18 – 10.1.190.1910.1.190.19
1110.1.190.20/3110.1.190.20 – 10.1.190.2110.1.190.21
1210.1.190.22/3110.1.190.22 – 10.1.190.2310.1.190.23
1310.1.190.24/3110.1.190.24 – 10.1.190.2510.1.190.25
1410.1.190.26/3110.1.190.26 – 10.1.190.2710.1.190.27
1510.1.190.28/3110.1.190.28 – 10.1.190.2910.1.190.29
1610.1.190.30/3110.1.190.30 – 10.1.190.3110.1.190.31
1710.1.190.32/3110.1.190.32 – 10.1.190.3310.1.190.33
1810.1.190.34/3110.1.190.34 – 10.1.190.3510.1.190.35
1910.1.190.36/3110.1.190.36 – 10.1.190.3710.1.190.37
2010.1.190.38/3110.1.190.38 – 10.1.190.3910.1.190.39
2110.1.190.40/3110.1.190.40 – 10.1.190.4110.1.190.41
2210.1.190.42/3110.1.190.42 – 10.1.190.4310.1.190.43
2310.1.190.44/3110.1.190.44 – 10.1.190.4510.1.190.45
2410.1.190.46/3110.1.190.46 – 10.1.190.4710.1.190.47
2510.1.190.48/3110.1.190.48 – 10.1.190.4910.1.190.49
2610.1.190.50/3110.1.190.50 – 10.1.190.5110.1.190.51
2710.1.190.52/3110.1.190.52 – 10.1.190.5310.1.190.53
2810.1.190.54/3110.1.190.54 – 10.1.190.5510.1.190.55
2910.1.190.56/3110.1.190.56 – 10.1.190.5710.1.190.57
3010.1.190.58/3110.1.190.58 – 10.1.190.5910.1.190.59
3110.1.190.60/3110.1.190.60 – 10.1.190.6110.1.190.61
3210.1.190.62/3110.1.190.62 – 10.1.190.6310.1.190.63
3310.1.190.64/3110.1.190.64 – 10.1.190.6510.1.190.65
3410.1.190.66/3110.1.190.66 – 10.1.190.6710.1.190.67
3510.1.190.68/3110.1.190.68 – 10.1.190.6910.1.190.69
3610.1.190.70/3110.1.190.70 – 10.1.190.7110.1.190.71
3710.1.190.72/3110.1.190.72 – 10.1.190.7310.1.190.73
3810.1.190.74/3110.1.190.74 – 10.1.190.7510.1.190.75
3910.1.190.76/3110.1.190.76 – 10.1.190.7710.1.190.77
4010.1.190.78/3110.1.190.78 – 10.1.190.7910.1.190.79
4110.1.190.80/3110.1.190.80 – 10.1.190.8110.1.190.81
4210.1.190.82/3110.1.190.82 – 10.1.190.8310.1.190.83
4310.1.190.84/3110.1.190.84 – 10.1.190.8510.1.190.85
4410.1.190.86/3110.1.190.86 – 10.1.190.8710.1.190.87
4510.1.190.88/3110.1.190.88 – 10.1.190.8910.1.190.89
4610.1.190.90/3110.1.190.90 – 10.1.190.9110.1.190.91
4710.1.190.92/3110.1.190.92 – 10.1.190.9310.1.190.93
4810.1.190.94/3110.1.190.94 – 10.1.190.9510.1.190.95
4910.1.190.96/3110.1.190.96 – 10.1.190.9710.1.190.97
5010.1.190.98/3110.1.190.98 – 10.1.190.9910.1.190.99
5110.1.190.100/3110.1.190.100 – 10.1.190.10110.1.190.101
5210.1.190.102/3110.1.190.102 – 10.1.190.10310.1.190.103
5310.1.190.104/3110.1.190.104 – 10.1.190.10510.1.190.105
5410.1.190.106/3110.1.190.106 – 10.1.190.10710.1.190.107
5510.1.190.108/3110.1.190.108 – 10.1.190.10910.1.190.109
5610.1.190.110/3110.1.190.110 – 10.1.190.11110.1.190.111
5710.1.190.112/3110.1.190.112 – 10.1.190.11310.1.190.113
5810.1.190.114/3110.1.190.114 – 10.1.190.11510.1.190.115
5910.1.190.116/3110.1.190.116 – 10.1.190.11710.1.190.117
6010.1.190.118/3110.1.190.118 – 10.1.190.11910.1.190.119
6110.1.190.120/3110.1.190.120 – 10.1.190.12110.1.190.121
6210.1.190.122/3110.1.190.122 – 10.1.190.12310.1.190.123
6310.1.190.124/3110.1.190.124 – 10.1.190.12510.1.190.125
6410.1.190.126/3110.1.190.126 – 10.1.190.12710.1.190.127
6510.1.190.128/3110.1.190.128 – 10.1.190.12910.1.190.129
6610.1.190.130/3110.1.190.130 – 10.1.190.13110.1.190.131
6710.1.190.132/3110.1.190.132 – 10.1.190.13310.1.190.133
6810.1.190.134/3110.1.190.134 – 10.1.190.13510.1.190.135
6910.1.190.136/3110.1.190.136 – 10.1.190.13710.1.190.137
7010.1.190.138/3110.1.190.138 – 10.1.190.13910.1.190.139
7110.1.190.140/3110.1.190.140 – 10.1.190.14110.1.190.141
7210.1.190.142/3110.1.190.142 – 10.1.190.14310.1.190.143
7310.1.190.144/3110.1.190.144 – 10.1.190.14510.1.190.145
7410.1.190.146/3110.1.190.146 – 10.1.190.14710.1.190.147
7510.1.190.148/3110.1.190.148 – 10.1.190.14910.1.190.149
7610.1.190.150/3110.1.190.150 – 10.1.190.15110.1.190.151
7710.1.190.152/3110.1.190.152 – 10.1.190.15310.1.190.153
7810.1.190.154/3110.1.190.154 – 10.1.190.15510.1.190.155
7910.1.190.156/3110.1.190.156 – 10.1.190.15710.1.190.157
8010.1.190.158/3110.1.190.158 – 10.1.190.15910.1.190.159
8110.1.190.160/3110.1.190.160 – 10.1.190.16110.1.190.161
8210.1.190.162/3110.1.190.162 – 10.1.190.16310.1.190.163
8310.1.190.164/3110.1.190.164 – 10.1.190.16510.1.190.165
8410.1.190.166/3110.1.190.166 – 10.1.190.16710.1.190.167
8510.1.190.168/3110.1.190.168 – 10.1.190.16910.1.190.169
8610.1.190.170/3110.1.190.170 – 10.1.190.17110.1.190.171
8710.1.190.172/3110.1.190.172 – 10.1.190.17310.1.190.173
8810.1.190.174/3110.1.190.174 – 10.1.190.17510.1.190.175
8910.1.190.176/3110.1.190.176 – 10.1.190.17710.1.190.177
9010.1.190.178/3110.1.190.178 – 10.1.190.17910.1.190.179
9110.1.190.180/3110.1.190.180 – 10.1.190.18110.1.190.181
9210.1.190.182/3110.1.190.182 – 10.1.190.18310.1.190.183
9310.1.190.184/3110.1.190.184 – 10.1.190.18510.1.190.185
9410.1.190.186/3110.1.190.186 – 10.1.190.18710.1.190.187
9510.1.190.188/3110.1.190.188 – 10.1.190.18910.1.190.189
9610.1.190.190/3110.1.190.190 – 10.1.190.19110.1.190.191
9710.1.190.192/3110.1.190.192 – 10.1.190.19310.1.190.193
9810.1.190.194/3110.1.190.194 – 10.1.190.19510.1.190.195
9910.1.190.196/3110.1.190.196 – 10.1.190.19710.1.190.197
10010.1.190.198/3110.1.190.198 – 10.1.190.19910.1.190.199
10110.1.190.200/3110.1.190.200 – 10.1.190.20110.1.190.201
10210.1.190.202/3110.1.190.202 – 10.1.190.20310.1.190.203
10310.1.190.204/3110.1.190.204 – 10.1.190.20510.1.190.205
10410.1.190.206/3110.1.190.206 – 10.1.190.20710.1.190.207
10510.1.190.208/3110.1.190.208 – 10.1.190.20910.1.190.209
10610.1.190.210/3110.1.190.210 – 10.1.190.21110.1.190.211
10710.1.190.212/3110.1.190.212 – 10.1.190.21310.1.190.213
10810.1.190.214/3110.1.190.214 – 10.1.190.21510.1.190.215
10910.1.190.216/3110.1.190.216 – 10.1.190.21710.1.190.217
11010.1.190.218/3110.1.190.218 – 10.1.190.21910.1.190.219
11110.1.190.220/3110.1.190.220 – 10.1.190.22110.1.190.221
11210.1.190.222/3110.1.190.222 – 10.1.190.22310.1.190.223
11310.1.190.224/3110.1.190.224 – 10.1.190.22510.1.190.225
11410.1.190.226/3110.1.190.226 – 10.1.190.22710.1.190.227
11510.1.190.228/3110.1.190.228 – 10.1.190.22910.1.190.229
11610.1.190.230/3110.1.190.230 – 10.1.190.23110.1.190.231
11710.1.190.232/3110.1.190.232 – 10.1.190.23310.1.190.233
11810.1.190.234/3110.1.190.234 – 10.1.190.23510.1.190.235
11910.1.190.236/3110.1.190.236 – 10.1.190.23710.1.190.237
12010.1.190.238/3110.1.190.238 – 10.1.190.23910.1.190.239
12110.1.190.240/3110.1.190.240 – 10.1.190.24110.1.190.241
12210.1.190.242/3110.1.190.242 – 10.1.190.24310.1.190.243
12310.1.190.244/3110.1.190.244 – 10.1.190.24510.1.190.245
12410.1.190.246/3110.1.190.246 – 10.1.190.24710.1.190.247
12510.1.190.248/3110.1.190.248 – 10.1.190.24910.1.190.249
12610.1.190.250/3110.1.190.250 – 10.1.190.25110.1.190.251
12710.1.190.252/3110.1.190.252 – 10.1.190.25310.1.190.253
12810.1.190.254/3110.1.190.254 – 10.1.190.25510.1.190.255
12910.1.191.0/3110.1.191.0 – 10.1.191.110.1.191.1
13010.1.191.2/3110.1.191.2 – 10.1.191.310.1.191.3
13110.1.191.4/3110.1.191.4 – 10.1.191.510.1.191.5
13210.1.191.6/3110.1.191.6 – 10.1.191.710.1.191.7
13310.1.191.8/3110.1.191.8 – 10.1.191.910.1.191.9
13410.1.191.10/3110.1.191.10 – 10.1.191.1110.1.191.11
13510.1.191.12/3110.1.191.12 – 10.1.191.1310.1.191.13
13610.1.191.14/3110.1.191.14 – 10.1.191.1510.1.191.15
13710.1.191.16/3110.1.191.16 – 10.1.191.1710.1.191.17
13810.1.191.18/3110.1.191.18 – 10.1.191.1910.1.191.19
13910.1.191.20/3110.1.191.20 – 10.1.191.2110.1.191.21
14010.1.191.22/3110.1.191.22 – 10.1.191.2310.1.191.23
14110.1.191.24/3110.1.191.24 – 10.1.191.2510.1.191.25
14210.1.191.26/3110.1.191.26 – 10.1.191.2710.1.191.27
14310.1.191.28/3110.1.191.28 – 10.1.191.2910.1.191.29
14410.1.191.30/3110.1.191.30 – 10.1.191.3110.1.191.31
14510.1.191.32/3110.1.191.32 – 10.1.191.3310.1.191.33
14610.1.191.34/3110.1.191.34 – 10.1.191.3510.1.191.35
14710.1.191.36/3110.1.191.36 – 10.1.191.3710.1.191.37
14810.1.191.38/3110.1.191.38 – 10.1.191.3910.1.191.39
14910.1.191.40/3110.1.191.40 – 10.1.191.4110.1.191.41
15010.1.191.42/3110.1.191.42 – 10.1.191.4310.1.191.43
15110.1.191.44/3110.1.191.44 – 10.1.191.4510.1.191.45
15210.1.191.46/3110.1.191.46 – 10.1.191.4710.1.191.47
15310.1.191.48/3110.1.191.48 – 10.1.191.4910.1.191.49
15410.1.191.50/3110.1.191.50 – 10.1.191.5110.1.191.51
15510.1.191.52/3110.1.191.52 – 10.1.191.5310.1.191.53
15610.1.191.54/3110.1.191.54 – 10.1.191.5510.1.191.55
15710.1.191.56/3110.1.191.56 – 10.1.191.5710.1.191.57
15810.1.191.58/3110.1.191.58 – 10.1.191.5910.1.191.59
15910.1.191.60/3110.1.191.60 – 10.1.191.6110.1.191.61
16010.1.191.62/3110.1.191.62 – 10.1.191.6310.1.191.63
16110.1.191.64/3110.1.191.64 – 10.1.191.6510.1.191.65
16210.1.191.66/3110.1.191.66 – 10.1.191.6710.1.191.67
16310.1.191.68/3110.1.191.68 – 10.1.191.6910.1.191.69
16410.1.191.70/3110.1.191.70 – 10.1.191.7110.1.191.71
16510.1.191.72/3110.1.191.72 – 10.1.191.7310.1.191.73
16610.1.191.74/3110.1.191.74 – 10.1.191.7510.1.191.75
16710.1.191.76/3110.1.191.76 – 10.1.191.7710.1.191.77
16810.1.191.78/3110.1.191.78 – 10.1.191.7910.1.191.79
16910.1.191.80/3110.1.191.80 – 10.1.191.8110.1.191.81
17010.1.191.82/3110.1.191.82 – 10.1.191.8310.1.191.83
17110.1.191.84/3110.1.191.84 – 10.1.191.8510.1.191.85
17210.1.191.86/3110.1.191.86 – 10.1.191.8710.1.191.87
17310.1.191.88/3110.1.191.88 – 10.1.191.8910.1.191.89
17410.1.191.90/3110.1.191.90 – 10.1.191.9110.1.191.91
17510.1.191.92/3110.1.191.92 – 10.1.191.9310.1.191.93
17610.1.191.94/3110.1.191.94 – 10.1.191.9510.1.191.95
17710.1.191.96/3110.1.191.96 – 10.1.191.9710.1.191.97
17810.1.191.98/3110.1.191.98 – 10.1.191.9910.1.191.99
17910.1.191.100/3110.1.191.100 – 10.1.191.10110.1.191.101
18010.1.191.102/3110.1.191.102 – 10.1.191.10310.1.191.103
18110.1.191.104/3110.1.191.104 – 10.1.191.10510.1.191.105
18210.1.191.106/3110.1.191.106 – 10.1.191.10710.1.191.107
18310.1.191.108/3110.1.191.108 – 10.1.191.10910.1.191.109
18410.1.191.110/3110.1.191.110 – 10.1.191.11110.1.191.111
18510.1.191.112/3110.1.191.112 – 10.1.191.11310.1.191.113
18610.1.191.114/3110.1.191.114 – 10.1.191.11510.1.191.115
18710.1.191.116/3110.1.191.116 – 10.1.191.11710.1.191.117
18810.1.191.118/3110.1.191.118 – 10.1.191.11910.1.191.119
18910.1.191.120/3110.1.191.120 – 10.1.191.12110.1.191.121
19010.1.191.122/3110.1.191.122 – 10.1.191.12310.1.191.123
19110.1.191.124/3110.1.191.124 – 10.1.191.12510.1.191.125
19210.1.191.126/3110.1.191.126 – 10.1.191.12710.1.191.127
19310.1.191.128/3110.1.191.128 – 10.1.191.12910.1.191.129
19410.1.191.130/3110.1.191.130 – 10.1.191.13110.1.191.131
19510.1.191.132/3110.1.191.132 – 10.1.191.13310.1.191.133
19610.1.191.134/3110.1.191.134 – 10.1.191.13510.1.191.135
19710.1.191.136/3110.1.191.136 – 10.1.191.13710.1.191.137
19810.1.191.138/3110.1.191.138 – 10.1.191.13910.1.191.139
19910.1.191.140/3110.1.191.140 – 10.1.191.14110.1.191.141
20010.1.191.142/3110.1.191.142 – 10.1.191.14310.1.191.143
20110.1.191.144/3110.1.191.144 – 10.1.191.14510.1.191.145
20210.1.191.146/3110.1.191.146 – 10.1.191.14710.1.191.147
20310.1.191.148/3110.1.191.148 – 10.1.191.14910.1.191.149
20410.1.191.150/3110.1.191.150 – 10.1.191.15110.1.191.151
20510.1.191.152/3110.1.191.152 – 10.1.191.15310.1.191.153
20610.1.191.154/3110.1.191.154 – 10.1.191.15510.1.191.155
20710.1.191.156/3110.1.191.156 – 10.1.191.15710.1.191.157
20810.1.191.158/3110.1.191.158 – 10.1.191.15910.1.191.159
20910.1.191.160/3110.1.191.160 – 10.1.191.16110.1.191.161
21010.1.191.162/3110.1.191.162 – 10.1.191.16310.1.191.163
21110.1.191.164/3110.1.191.164 – 10.1.191.16510.1.191.165
21210.1.191.166/3110.1.191.166 – 10.1.191.16710.1.191.167
21310.1.191.168/3110.1.191.168 – 10.1.191.16910.1.191.169
21410.1.191.170/3110.1.191.170 – 10.1.191.17110.1.191.171
21510.1.191.172/3110.1.191.172 – 10.1.191.17310.1.191.173
21610.1.191.174/3110.1.191.174 – 10.1.191.17510.1.191.175
21710.1.191.176/3110.1.191.176 – 10.1.191.17710.1.191.177
21810.1.191.178/3110.1.191.178 – 10.1.191.17910.1.191.179
21910.1.191.180/3110.1.191.180 – 10.1.191.18110.1.191.181
22010.1.191.182/3110.1.191.182 – 10.1.191.18310.1.191.183
22110.1.191.184/3110.1.191.184 – 10.1.191.18510.1.191.185
22210.1.191.186/3110.1.191.186 – 10.1.191.18710.1.191.187
22310.1.191.188/3110.1.191.188 – 10.1.191.18910.1.191.189
22410.1.191.190/3110.1.191.190 – 10.1.191.19110.1.191.191
22510.1.191.192/3110.1.191.192 – 10.1.191.19310.1.191.193
22610.1.191.194/3110.1.191.194 – 10.1.191.19510.1.191.195
22710.1.191.196/3110.1.191.196 – 10.1.191.19710.1.191.197
22810.1.191.198/3110.1.191.198 – 10.1.191.19910.1.191.199
22910.1.191.200/3110.1.191.200 – 10.1.191.20110.1.191.201
23010.1.191.202/3110.1.191.202 – 10.1.191.20310.1.191.203
23110.1.191.204/3110.1.191.204 – 10.1.191.20510.1.191.205
23210.1.191.206/3110.1.191.206 – 10.1.191.20710.1.191.207
23310.1.191.208/3110.1.191.208 – 10.1.191.20910.1.191.209
23410.1.191.210/3110.1.191.210 – 10.1.191.21110.1.191.211
23510.1.191.212/3110.1.191.212 – 10.1.191.21310.1.191.213
23610.1.191.214/3110.1.191.214 – 10.1.191.21510.1.191.215
23710.1.191.216/3110.1.191.216 – 10.1.191.21710.1.191.217
23810.1.191.218/3110.1.191.218 – 10.1.191.21910.1.191.219
23910.1.191.220/3110.1.191.220 – 10.1.191.22110.1.191.221
24010.1.191.222/3110.1.191.222 – 10.1.191.22310.1.191.223
24110.1.191.224/3110.1.191.224 – 10.1.191.22510.1.191.225
24210.1.191.226/3110.1.191.226 – 10.1.191.22710.1.191.227
24310.1.191.228/3110.1.191.228 – 10.1.191.22910.1.191.229
24410.1.191.230/3110.1.191.230 – 10.1.191.23110.1.191.231
24510.1.191.232/3110.1.191.232 – 10.1.191.23310.1.191.233
24610.1.191.234/3110.1.191.234 – 10.1.191.23510.1.191.235
24710.1.191.236/3110.1.191.236 – 10.1.191.23710.1.191.237
24810.1.191.238/3110.1.191.238 – 10.1.191.23910.1.191.239
24910.1.191.240/3110.1.191.240 – 10.1.191.24110.1.191.241
25010.1.191.242/3110.1.191.242 – 10.1.191.24310.1.191.243
25110.1.191.244/3110.1.191.244 – 10.1.191.24510.1.191.245
25210.1.191.246/3110.1.191.246 – 10.1.191.24710.1.191.247
25310.1.191.248/3110.1.191.248 – 10.1.191.24910.1.191.249
25410.1.191.250/3110.1.191.250 – 10.1.191.25110.1.191.251
25510.1.191.252/3110.1.191.252 – 10.1.191.25310.1.191.253
25610.1.191.254/3110.1.191.254 – 10.1.191.25510.1.191.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →