ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.1.106.0/23
network10.1.106.0/23
broadcast10.1.107.255
first host10.1.106.1
last host10.1.107.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.1.106.0/23
address00001010.00000001.01101010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.00000001.01101010.00000000
broadcast00001010.00000001.01101011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a016a00
decimal167864832
reverse dns0.106.1.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a01:6a00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.1.106.0/3110.1.106.0 – 10.1.106.110.1.106.1
210.1.106.2/3110.1.106.2 – 10.1.106.310.1.106.3
310.1.106.4/3110.1.106.4 – 10.1.106.510.1.106.5
410.1.106.6/3110.1.106.6 – 10.1.106.710.1.106.7
510.1.106.8/3110.1.106.8 – 10.1.106.910.1.106.9
610.1.106.10/3110.1.106.10 – 10.1.106.1110.1.106.11
710.1.106.12/3110.1.106.12 – 10.1.106.1310.1.106.13
810.1.106.14/3110.1.106.14 – 10.1.106.1510.1.106.15
910.1.106.16/3110.1.106.16 – 10.1.106.1710.1.106.17
1010.1.106.18/3110.1.106.18 – 10.1.106.1910.1.106.19
1110.1.106.20/3110.1.106.20 – 10.1.106.2110.1.106.21
1210.1.106.22/3110.1.106.22 – 10.1.106.2310.1.106.23
1310.1.106.24/3110.1.106.24 – 10.1.106.2510.1.106.25
1410.1.106.26/3110.1.106.26 – 10.1.106.2710.1.106.27
1510.1.106.28/3110.1.106.28 – 10.1.106.2910.1.106.29
1610.1.106.30/3110.1.106.30 – 10.1.106.3110.1.106.31
1710.1.106.32/3110.1.106.32 – 10.1.106.3310.1.106.33
1810.1.106.34/3110.1.106.34 – 10.1.106.3510.1.106.35
1910.1.106.36/3110.1.106.36 – 10.1.106.3710.1.106.37
2010.1.106.38/3110.1.106.38 – 10.1.106.3910.1.106.39
2110.1.106.40/3110.1.106.40 – 10.1.106.4110.1.106.41
2210.1.106.42/3110.1.106.42 – 10.1.106.4310.1.106.43
2310.1.106.44/3110.1.106.44 – 10.1.106.4510.1.106.45
2410.1.106.46/3110.1.106.46 – 10.1.106.4710.1.106.47
2510.1.106.48/3110.1.106.48 – 10.1.106.4910.1.106.49
2610.1.106.50/3110.1.106.50 – 10.1.106.5110.1.106.51
2710.1.106.52/3110.1.106.52 – 10.1.106.5310.1.106.53
2810.1.106.54/3110.1.106.54 – 10.1.106.5510.1.106.55
2910.1.106.56/3110.1.106.56 – 10.1.106.5710.1.106.57
3010.1.106.58/3110.1.106.58 – 10.1.106.5910.1.106.59
3110.1.106.60/3110.1.106.60 – 10.1.106.6110.1.106.61
3210.1.106.62/3110.1.106.62 – 10.1.106.6310.1.106.63
3310.1.106.64/3110.1.106.64 – 10.1.106.6510.1.106.65
3410.1.106.66/3110.1.106.66 – 10.1.106.6710.1.106.67
3510.1.106.68/3110.1.106.68 – 10.1.106.6910.1.106.69
3610.1.106.70/3110.1.106.70 – 10.1.106.7110.1.106.71
3710.1.106.72/3110.1.106.72 – 10.1.106.7310.1.106.73
3810.1.106.74/3110.1.106.74 – 10.1.106.7510.1.106.75
3910.1.106.76/3110.1.106.76 – 10.1.106.7710.1.106.77
4010.1.106.78/3110.1.106.78 – 10.1.106.7910.1.106.79
4110.1.106.80/3110.1.106.80 – 10.1.106.8110.1.106.81
4210.1.106.82/3110.1.106.82 – 10.1.106.8310.1.106.83
4310.1.106.84/3110.1.106.84 – 10.1.106.8510.1.106.85
4410.1.106.86/3110.1.106.86 – 10.1.106.8710.1.106.87
4510.1.106.88/3110.1.106.88 – 10.1.106.8910.1.106.89
4610.1.106.90/3110.1.106.90 – 10.1.106.9110.1.106.91
4710.1.106.92/3110.1.106.92 – 10.1.106.9310.1.106.93
4810.1.106.94/3110.1.106.94 – 10.1.106.9510.1.106.95
4910.1.106.96/3110.1.106.96 – 10.1.106.9710.1.106.97
5010.1.106.98/3110.1.106.98 – 10.1.106.9910.1.106.99
5110.1.106.100/3110.1.106.100 – 10.1.106.10110.1.106.101
5210.1.106.102/3110.1.106.102 – 10.1.106.10310.1.106.103
5310.1.106.104/3110.1.106.104 – 10.1.106.10510.1.106.105
5410.1.106.106/3110.1.106.106 – 10.1.106.10710.1.106.107
5510.1.106.108/3110.1.106.108 – 10.1.106.10910.1.106.109
5610.1.106.110/3110.1.106.110 – 10.1.106.11110.1.106.111
5710.1.106.112/3110.1.106.112 – 10.1.106.11310.1.106.113
5810.1.106.114/3110.1.106.114 – 10.1.106.11510.1.106.115
5910.1.106.116/3110.1.106.116 – 10.1.106.11710.1.106.117
6010.1.106.118/3110.1.106.118 – 10.1.106.11910.1.106.119
6110.1.106.120/3110.1.106.120 – 10.1.106.12110.1.106.121
6210.1.106.122/3110.1.106.122 – 10.1.106.12310.1.106.123
6310.1.106.124/3110.1.106.124 – 10.1.106.12510.1.106.125
6410.1.106.126/3110.1.106.126 – 10.1.106.12710.1.106.127
6510.1.106.128/3110.1.106.128 – 10.1.106.12910.1.106.129
6610.1.106.130/3110.1.106.130 – 10.1.106.13110.1.106.131
6710.1.106.132/3110.1.106.132 – 10.1.106.13310.1.106.133
6810.1.106.134/3110.1.106.134 – 10.1.106.13510.1.106.135
6910.1.106.136/3110.1.106.136 – 10.1.106.13710.1.106.137
7010.1.106.138/3110.1.106.138 – 10.1.106.13910.1.106.139
7110.1.106.140/3110.1.106.140 – 10.1.106.14110.1.106.141
7210.1.106.142/3110.1.106.142 – 10.1.106.14310.1.106.143
7310.1.106.144/3110.1.106.144 – 10.1.106.14510.1.106.145
7410.1.106.146/3110.1.106.146 – 10.1.106.14710.1.106.147
7510.1.106.148/3110.1.106.148 – 10.1.106.14910.1.106.149
7610.1.106.150/3110.1.106.150 – 10.1.106.15110.1.106.151
7710.1.106.152/3110.1.106.152 – 10.1.106.15310.1.106.153
7810.1.106.154/3110.1.106.154 – 10.1.106.15510.1.106.155
7910.1.106.156/3110.1.106.156 – 10.1.106.15710.1.106.157
8010.1.106.158/3110.1.106.158 – 10.1.106.15910.1.106.159
8110.1.106.160/3110.1.106.160 – 10.1.106.16110.1.106.161
8210.1.106.162/3110.1.106.162 – 10.1.106.16310.1.106.163
8310.1.106.164/3110.1.106.164 – 10.1.106.16510.1.106.165
8410.1.106.166/3110.1.106.166 – 10.1.106.16710.1.106.167
8510.1.106.168/3110.1.106.168 – 10.1.106.16910.1.106.169
8610.1.106.170/3110.1.106.170 – 10.1.106.17110.1.106.171
8710.1.106.172/3110.1.106.172 – 10.1.106.17310.1.106.173
8810.1.106.174/3110.1.106.174 – 10.1.106.17510.1.106.175
8910.1.106.176/3110.1.106.176 – 10.1.106.17710.1.106.177
9010.1.106.178/3110.1.106.178 – 10.1.106.17910.1.106.179
9110.1.106.180/3110.1.106.180 – 10.1.106.18110.1.106.181
9210.1.106.182/3110.1.106.182 – 10.1.106.18310.1.106.183
9310.1.106.184/3110.1.106.184 – 10.1.106.18510.1.106.185
9410.1.106.186/3110.1.106.186 – 10.1.106.18710.1.106.187
9510.1.106.188/3110.1.106.188 – 10.1.106.18910.1.106.189
9610.1.106.190/3110.1.106.190 – 10.1.106.19110.1.106.191
9710.1.106.192/3110.1.106.192 – 10.1.106.19310.1.106.193
9810.1.106.194/3110.1.106.194 – 10.1.106.19510.1.106.195
9910.1.106.196/3110.1.106.196 – 10.1.106.19710.1.106.197
10010.1.106.198/3110.1.106.198 – 10.1.106.19910.1.106.199
10110.1.106.200/3110.1.106.200 – 10.1.106.20110.1.106.201
10210.1.106.202/3110.1.106.202 – 10.1.106.20310.1.106.203
10310.1.106.204/3110.1.106.204 – 10.1.106.20510.1.106.205
10410.1.106.206/3110.1.106.206 – 10.1.106.20710.1.106.207
10510.1.106.208/3110.1.106.208 – 10.1.106.20910.1.106.209
10610.1.106.210/3110.1.106.210 – 10.1.106.21110.1.106.211
10710.1.106.212/3110.1.106.212 – 10.1.106.21310.1.106.213
10810.1.106.214/3110.1.106.214 – 10.1.106.21510.1.106.215
10910.1.106.216/3110.1.106.216 – 10.1.106.21710.1.106.217
11010.1.106.218/3110.1.106.218 – 10.1.106.21910.1.106.219
11110.1.106.220/3110.1.106.220 – 10.1.106.22110.1.106.221
11210.1.106.222/3110.1.106.222 – 10.1.106.22310.1.106.223
11310.1.106.224/3110.1.106.224 – 10.1.106.22510.1.106.225
11410.1.106.226/3110.1.106.226 – 10.1.106.22710.1.106.227
11510.1.106.228/3110.1.106.228 – 10.1.106.22910.1.106.229
11610.1.106.230/3110.1.106.230 – 10.1.106.23110.1.106.231
11710.1.106.232/3110.1.106.232 – 10.1.106.23310.1.106.233
11810.1.106.234/3110.1.106.234 – 10.1.106.23510.1.106.235
11910.1.106.236/3110.1.106.236 – 10.1.106.23710.1.106.237
12010.1.106.238/3110.1.106.238 – 10.1.106.23910.1.106.239
12110.1.106.240/3110.1.106.240 – 10.1.106.24110.1.106.241
12210.1.106.242/3110.1.106.242 – 10.1.106.24310.1.106.243
12310.1.106.244/3110.1.106.244 – 10.1.106.24510.1.106.245
12410.1.106.246/3110.1.106.246 – 10.1.106.24710.1.106.247
12510.1.106.248/3110.1.106.248 – 10.1.106.24910.1.106.249
12610.1.106.250/3110.1.106.250 – 10.1.106.25110.1.106.251
12710.1.106.252/3110.1.106.252 – 10.1.106.25310.1.106.253
12810.1.106.254/3110.1.106.254 – 10.1.106.25510.1.106.255
12910.1.107.0/3110.1.107.0 – 10.1.107.110.1.107.1
13010.1.107.2/3110.1.107.2 – 10.1.107.310.1.107.3
13110.1.107.4/3110.1.107.4 – 10.1.107.510.1.107.5
13210.1.107.6/3110.1.107.6 – 10.1.107.710.1.107.7
13310.1.107.8/3110.1.107.8 – 10.1.107.910.1.107.9
13410.1.107.10/3110.1.107.10 – 10.1.107.1110.1.107.11
13510.1.107.12/3110.1.107.12 – 10.1.107.1310.1.107.13
13610.1.107.14/3110.1.107.14 – 10.1.107.1510.1.107.15
13710.1.107.16/3110.1.107.16 – 10.1.107.1710.1.107.17
13810.1.107.18/3110.1.107.18 – 10.1.107.1910.1.107.19
13910.1.107.20/3110.1.107.20 – 10.1.107.2110.1.107.21
14010.1.107.22/3110.1.107.22 – 10.1.107.2310.1.107.23
14110.1.107.24/3110.1.107.24 – 10.1.107.2510.1.107.25
14210.1.107.26/3110.1.107.26 – 10.1.107.2710.1.107.27
14310.1.107.28/3110.1.107.28 – 10.1.107.2910.1.107.29
14410.1.107.30/3110.1.107.30 – 10.1.107.3110.1.107.31
14510.1.107.32/3110.1.107.32 – 10.1.107.3310.1.107.33
14610.1.107.34/3110.1.107.34 – 10.1.107.3510.1.107.35
14710.1.107.36/3110.1.107.36 – 10.1.107.3710.1.107.37
14810.1.107.38/3110.1.107.38 – 10.1.107.3910.1.107.39
14910.1.107.40/3110.1.107.40 – 10.1.107.4110.1.107.41
15010.1.107.42/3110.1.107.42 – 10.1.107.4310.1.107.43
15110.1.107.44/3110.1.107.44 – 10.1.107.4510.1.107.45
15210.1.107.46/3110.1.107.46 – 10.1.107.4710.1.107.47
15310.1.107.48/3110.1.107.48 – 10.1.107.4910.1.107.49
15410.1.107.50/3110.1.107.50 – 10.1.107.5110.1.107.51
15510.1.107.52/3110.1.107.52 – 10.1.107.5310.1.107.53
15610.1.107.54/3110.1.107.54 – 10.1.107.5510.1.107.55
15710.1.107.56/3110.1.107.56 – 10.1.107.5710.1.107.57
15810.1.107.58/3110.1.107.58 – 10.1.107.5910.1.107.59
15910.1.107.60/3110.1.107.60 – 10.1.107.6110.1.107.61
16010.1.107.62/3110.1.107.62 – 10.1.107.6310.1.107.63
16110.1.107.64/3110.1.107.64 – 10.1.107.6510.1.107.65
16210.1.107.66/3110.1.107.66 – 10.1.107.6710.1.107.67
16310.1.107.68/3110.1.107.68 – 10.1.107.6910.1.107.69
16410.1.107.70/3110.1.107.70 – 10.1.107.7110.1.107.71
16510.1.107.72/3110.1.107.72 – 10.1.107.7310.1.107.73
16610.1.107.74/3110.1.107.74 – 10.1.107.7510.1.107.75
16710.1.107.76/3110.1.107.76 – 10.1.107.7710.1.107.77
16810.1.107.78/3110.1.107.78 – 10.1.107.7910.1.107.79
16910.1.107.80/3110.1.107.80 – 10.1.107.8110.1.107.81
17010.1.107.82/3110.1.107.82 – 10.1.107.8310.1.107.83
17110.1.107.84/3110.1.107.84 – 10.1.107.8510.1.107.85
17210.1.107.86/3110.1.107.86 – 10.1.107.8710.1.107.87
17310.1.107.88/3110.1.107.88 – 10.1.107.8910.1.107.89
17410.1.107.90/3110.1.107.90 – 10.1.107.9110.1.107.91
17510.1.107.92/3110.1.107.92 – 10.1.107.9310.1.107.93
17610.1.107.94/3110.1.107.94 – 10.1.107.9510.1.107.95
17710.1.107.96/3110.1.107.96 – 10.1.107.9710.1.107.97
17810.1.107.98/3110.1.107.98 – 10.1.107.9910.1.107.99
17910.1.107.100/3110.1.107.100 – 10.1.107.10110.1.107.101
18010.1.107.102/3110.1.107.102 – 10.1.107.10310.1.107.103
18110.1.107.104/3110.1.107.104 – 10.1.107.10510.1.107.105
18210.1.107.106/3110.1.107.106 – 10.1.107.10710.1.107.107
18310.1.107.108/3110.1.107.108 – 10.1.107.10910.1.107.109
18410.1.107.110/3110.1.107.110 – 10.1.107.11110.1.107.111
18510.1.107.112/3110.1.107.112 – 10.1.107.11310.1.107.113
18610.1.107.114/3110.1.107.114 – 10.1.107.11510.1.107.115
18710.1.107.116/3110.1.107.116 – 10.1.107.11710.1.107.117
18810.1.107.118/3110.1.107.118 – 10.1.107.11910.1.107.119
18910.1.107.120/3110.1.107.120 – 10.1.107.12110.1.107.121
19010.1.107.122/3110.1.107.122 – 10.1.107.12310.1.107.123
19110.1.107.124/3110.1.107.124 – 10.1.107.12510.1.107.125
19210.1.107.126/3110.1.107.126 – 10.1.107.12710.1.107.127
19310.1.107.128/3110.1.107.128 – 10.1.107.12910.1.107.129
19410.1.107.130/3110.1.107.130 – 10.1.107.13110.1.107.131
19510.1.107.132/3110.1.107.132 – 10.1.107.13310.1.107.133
19610.1.107.134/3110.1.107.134 – 10.1.107.13510.1.107.135
19710.1.107.136/3110.1.107.136 – 10.1.107.13710.1.107.137
19810.1.107.138/3110.1.107.138 – 10.1.107.13910.1.107.139
19910.1.107.140/3110.1.107.140 – 10.1.107.14110.1.107.141
20010.1.107.142/3110.1.107.142 – 10.1.107.14310.1.107.143
20110.1.107.144/3110.1.107.144 – 10.1.107.14510.1.107.145
20210.1.107.146/3110.1.107.146 – 10.1.107.14710.1.107.147
20310.1.107.148/3110.1.107.148 – 10.1.107.14910.1.107.149
20410.1.107.150/3110.1.107.150 – 10.1.107.15110.1.107.151
20510.1.107.152/3110.1.107.152 – 10.1.107.15310.1.107.153
20610.1.107.154/3110.1.107.154 – 10.1.107.15510.1.107.155
20710.1.107.156/3110.1.107.156 – 10.1.107.15710.1.107.157
20810.1.107.158/3110.1.107.158 – 10.1.107.15910.1.107.159
20910.1.107.160/3110.1.107.160 – 10.1.107.16110.1.107.161
21010.1.107.162/3110.1.107.162 – 10.1.107.16310.1.107.163
21110.1.107.164/3110.1.107.164 – 10.1.107.16510.1.107.165
21210.1.107.166/3110.1.107.166 – 10.1.107.16710.1.107.167
21310.1.107.168/3110.1.107.168 – 10.1.107.16910.1.107.169
21410.1.107.170/3110.1.107.170 – 10.1.107.17110.1.107.171
21510.1.107.172/3110.1.107.172 – 10.1.107.17310.1.107.173
21610.1.107.174/3110.1.107.174 – 10.1.107.17510.1.107.175
21710.1.107.176/3110.1.107.176 – 10.1.107.17710.1.107.177
21810.1.107.178/3110.1.107.178 – 10.1.107.17910.1.107.179
21910.1.107.180/3110.1.107.180 – 10.1.107.18110.1.107.181
22010.1.107.182/3110.1.107.182 – 10.1.107.18310.1.107.183
22110.1.107.184/3110.1.107.184 – 10.1.107.18510.1.107.185
22210.1.107.186/3110.1.107.186 – 10.1.107.18710.1.107.187
22310.1.107.188/3110.1.107.188 – 10.1.107.18910.1.107.189
22410.1.107.190/3110.1.107.190 – 10.1.107.19110.1.107.191
22510.1.107.192/3110.1.107.192 – 10.1.107.19310.1.107.193
22610.1.107.194/3110.1.107.194 – 10.1.107.19510.1.107.195
22710.1.107.196/3110.1.107.196 – 10.1.107.19710.1.107.197
22810.1.107.198/3110.1.107.198 – 10.1.107.19910.1.107.199
22910.1.107.200/3110.1.107.200 – 10.1.107.20110.1.107.201
23010.1.107.202/3110.1.107.202 – 10.1.107.20310.1.107.203
23110.1.107.204/3110.1.107.204 – 10.1.107.20510.1.107.205
23210.1.107.206/3110.1.107.206 – 10.1.107.20710.1.107.207
23310.1.107.208/3110.1.107.208 – 10.1.107.20910.1.107.209
23410.1.107.210/3110.1.107.210 – 10.1.107.21110.1.107.211
23510.1.107.212/3110.1.107.212 – 10.1.107.21310.1.107.213
23610.1.107.214/3110.1.107.214 – 10.1.107.21510.1.107.215
23710.1.107.216/3110.1.107.216 – 10.1.107.21710.1.107.217
23810.1.107.218/3110.1.107.218 – 10.1.107.21910.1.107.219
23910.1.107.220/3110.1.107.220 – 10.1.107.22110.1.107.221
24010.1.107.222/3110.1.107.222 – 10.1.107.22310.1.107.223
24110.1.107.224/3110.1.107.224 – 10.1.107.22510.1.107.225
24210.1.107.226/3110.1.107.226 – 10.1.107.22710.1.107.227
24310.1.107.228/3110.1.107.228 – 10.1.107.22910.1.107.229
24410.1.107.230/3110.1.107.230 – 10.1.107.23110.1.107.231
24510.1.107.232/3110.1.107.232 – 10.1.107.23310.1.107.233
24610.1.107.234/3110.1.107.234 – 10.1.107.23510.1.107.235
24710.1.107.236/3110.1.107.236 – 10.1.107.23710.1.107.237
24810.1.107.238/3110.1.107.238 – 10.1.107.23910.1.107.239
24910.1.107.240/3110.1.107.240 – 10.1.107.24110.1.107.241
25010.1.107.242/3110.1.107.242 – 10.1.107.24310.1.107.243
25110.1.107.244/3110.1.107.244 – 10.1.107.24510.1.107.245
25210.1.107.246/3110.1.107.246 – 10.1.107.24710.1.107.247
25310.1.107.248/3110.1.107.248 – 10.1.107.24910.1.107.249
25410.1.107.250/3110.1.107.250 – 10.1.107.25110.1.107.251
25510.1.107.252/3110.1.107.252 – 10.1.107.25310.1.107.253
25610.1.107.254/3110.1.107.254 – 10.1.107.25510.1.107.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →