ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.0.2.0/24
network10.0.2.0/24
broadcast10.0.2.255
first host10.0.2.1
last host10.0.2.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.0.2.0/24
address00001010.00000000.00000010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.00000000.00000010.00000000
broadcast00001010.00000000.00000010.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a000200
decimal167772672
reverse dns0.2.0.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a00:200

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.0.2.0/3210.0.2.0 – 10.0.2.010.0.2.0
210.0.2.1/3210.0.2.1 – 10.0.2.110.0.2.1
310.0.2.2/3210.0.2.2 – 10.0.2.210.0.2.2
410.0.2.3/3210.0.2.3 – 10.0.2.310.0.2.3
510.0.2.4/3210.0.2.4 – 10.0.2.410.0.2.4
610.0.2.5/3210.0.2.5 – 10.0.2.510.0.2.5
710.0.2.6/3210.0.2.6 – 10.0.2.610.0.2.6
810.0.2.7/3210.0.2.7 – 10.0.2.710.0.2.7
910.0.2.8/3210.0.2.8 – 10.0.2.810.0.2.8
1010.0.2.9/3210.0.2.9 – 10.0.2.910.0.2.9
1110.0.2.10/3210.0.2.10 – 10.0.2.1010.0.2.10
1210.0.2.11/3210.0.2.11 – 10.0.2.1110.0.2.11
1310.0.2.12/3210.0.2.12 – 10.0.2.1210.0.2.12
1410.0.2.13/3210.0.2.13 – 10.0.2.1310.0.2.13
1510.0.2.14/3210.0.2.14 – 10.0.2.1410.0.2.14
1610.0.2.15/3210.0.2.15 – 10.0.2.1510.0.2.15
1710.0.2.16/3210.0.2.16 – 10.0.2.1610.0.2.16
1810.0.2.17/3210.0.2.17 – 10.0.2.1710.0.2.17
1910.0.2.18/3210.0.2.18 – 10.0.2.1810.0.2.18
2010.0.2.19/3210.0.2.19 – 10.0.2.1910.0.2.19
2110.0.2.20/3210.0.2.20 – 10.0.2.2010.0.2.20
2210.0.2.21/3210.0.2.21 – 10.0.2.2110.0.2.21
2310.0.2.22/3210.0.2.22 – 10.0.2.2210.0.2.22
2410.0.2.23/3210.0.2.23 – 10.0.2.2310.0.2.23
2510.0.2.24/3210.0.2.24 – 10.0.2.2410.0.2.24
2610.0.2.25/3210.0.2.25 – 10.0.2.2510.0.2.25
2710.0.2.26/3210.0.2.26 – 10.0.2.2610.0.2.26
2810.0.2.27/3210.0.2.27 – 10.0.2.2710.0.2.27
2910.0.2.28/3210.0.2.28 – 10.0.2.2810.0.2.28
3010.0.2.29/3210.0.2.29 – 10.0.2.2910.0.2.29
3110.0.2.30/3210.0.2.30 – 10.0.2.3010.0.2.30
3210.0.2.31/3210.0.2.31 – 10.0.2.3110.0.2.31
3310.0.2.32/3210.0.2.32 – 10.0.2.3210.0.2.32
3410.0.2.33/3210.0.2.33 – 10.0.2.3310.0.2.33
3510.0.2.34/3210.0.2.34 – 10.0.2.3410.0.2.34
3610.0.2.35/3210.0.2.35 – 10.0.2.3510.0.2.35
3710.0.2.36/3210.0.2.36 – 10.0.2.3610.0.2.36
3810.0.2.37/3210.0.2.37 – 10.0.2.3710.0.2.37
3910.0.2.38/3210.0.2.38 – 10.0.2.3810.0.2.38
4010.0.2.39/3210.0.2.39 – 10.0.2.3910.0.2.39
4110.0.2.40/3210.0.2.40 – 10.0.2.4010.0.2.40
4210.0.2.41/3210.0.2.41 – 10.0.2.4110.0.2.41
4310.0.2.42/3210.0.2.42 – 10.0.2.4210.0.2.42
4410.0.2.43/3210.0.2.43 – 10.0.2.4310.0.2.43
4510.0.2.44/3210.0.2.44 – 10.0.2.4410.0.2.44
4610.0.2.45/3210.0.2.45 – 10.0.2.4510.0.2.45
4710.0.2.46/3210.0.2.46 – 10.0.2.4610.0.2.46
4810.0.2.47/3210.0.2.47 – 10.0.2.4710.0.2.47
4910.0.2.48/3210.0.2.48 – 10.0.2.4810.0.2.48
5010.0.2.49/3210.0.2.49 – 10.0.2.4910.0.2.49
5110.0.2.50/3210.0.2.50 – 10.0.2.5010.0.2.50
5210.0.2.51/3210.0.2.51 – 10.0.2.5110.0.2.51
5310.0.2.52/3210.0.2.52 – 10.0.2.5210.0.2.52
5410.0.2.53/3210.0.2.53 – 10.0.2.5310.0.2.53
5510.0.2.54/3210.0.2.54 – 10.0.2.5410.0.2.54
5610.0.2.55/3210.0.2.55 – 10.0.2.5510.0.2.55
5710.0.2.56/3210.0.2.56 – 10.0.2.5610.0.2.56
5810.0.2.57/3210.0.2.57 – 10.0.2.5710.0.2.57
5910.0.2.58/3210.0.2.58 – 10.0.2.5810.0.2.58
6010.0.2.59/3210.0.2.59 – 10.0.2.5910.0.2.59
6110.0.2.60/3210.0.2.60 – 10.0.2.6010.0.2.60
6210.0.2.61/3210.0.2.61 – 10.0.2.6110.0.2.61
6310.0.2.62/3210.0.2.62 – 10.0.2.6210.0.2.62
6410.0.2.63/3210.0.2.63 – 10.0.2.6310.0.2.63
6510.0.2.64/3210.0.2.64 – 10.0.2.6410.0.2.64
6610.0.2.65/3210.0.2.65 – 10.0.2.6510.0.2.65
6710.0.2.66/3210.0.2.66 – 10.0.2.6610.0.2.66
6810.0.2.67/3210.0.2.67 – 10.0.2.6710.0.2.67
6910.0.2.68/3210.0.2.68 – 10.0.2.6810.0.2.68
7010.0.2.69/3210.0.2.69 – 10.0.2.6910.0.2.69
7110.0.2.70/3210.0.2.70 – 10.0.2.7010.0.2.70
7210.0.2.71/3210.0.2.71 – 10.0.2.7110.0.2.71
7310.0.2.72/3210.0.2.72 – 10.0.2.7210.0.2.72
7410.0.2.73/3210.0.2.73 – 10.0.2.7310.0.2.73
7510.0.2.74/3210.0.2.74 – 10.0.2.7410.0.2.74
7610.0.2.75/3210.0.2.75 – 10.0.2.7510.0.2.75
7710.0.2.76/3210.0.2.76 – 10.0.2.7610.0.2.76
7810.0.2.77/3210.0.2.77 – 10.0.2.7710.0.2.77
7910.0.2.78/3210.0.2.78 – 10.0.2.7810.0.2.78
8010.0.2.79/3210.0.2.79 – 10.0.2.7910.0.2.79
8110.0.2.80/3210.0.2.80 – 10.0.2.8010.0.2.80
8210.0.2.81/3210.0.2.81 – 10.0.2.8110.0.2.81
8310.0.2.82/3210.0.2.82 – 10.0.2.8210.0.2.82
8410.0.2.83/3210.0.2.83 – 10.0.2.8310.0.2.83
8510.0.2.84/3210.0.2.84 – 10.0.2.8410.0.2.84
8610.0.2.85/3210.0.2.85 – 10.0.2.8510.0.2.85
8710.0.2.86/3210.0.2.86 – 10.0.2.8610.0.2.86
8810.0.2.87/3210.0.2.87 – 10.0.2.8710.0.2.87
8910.0.2.88/3210.0.2.88 – 10.0.2.8810.0.2.88
9010.0.2.89/3210.0.2.89 – 10.0.2.8910.0.2.89
9110.0.2.90/3210.0.2.90 – 10.0.2.9010.0.2.90
9210.0.2.91/3210.0.2.91 – 10.0.2.9110.0.2.91
9310.0.2.92/3210.0.2.92 – 10.0.2.9210.0.2.92
9410.0.2.93/3210.0.2.93 – 10.0.2.9310.0.2.93
9510.0.2.94/3210.0.2.94 – 10.0.2.9410.0.2.94
9610.0.2.95/3210.0.2.95 – 10.0.2.9510.0.2.95
9710.0.2.96/3210.0.2.96 – 10.0.2.9610.0.2.96
9810.0.2.97/3210.0.2.97 – 10.0.2.9710.0.2.97
9910.0.2.98/3210.0.2.98 – 10.0.2.9810.0.2.98
10010.0.2.99/3210.0.2.99 – 10.0.2.9910.0.2.99
10110.0.2.100/3210.0.2.100 – 10.0.2.10010.0.2.100
10210.0.2.101/3210.0.2.101 – 10.0.2.10110.0.2.101
10310.0.2.102/3210.0.2.102 – 10.0.2.10210.0.2.102
10410.0.2.103/3210.0.2.103 – 10.0.2.10310.0.2.103
10510.0.2.104/3210.0.2.104 – 10.0.2.10410.0.2.104
10610.0.2.105/3210.0.2.105 – 10.0.2.10510.0.2.105
10710.0.2.106/3210.0.2.106 – 10.0.2.10610.0.2.106
10810.0.2.107/3210.0.2.107 – 10.0.2.10710.0.2.107
10910.0.2.108/3210.0.2.108 – 10.0.2.10810.0.2.108
11010.0.2.109/3210.0.2.109 – 10.0.2.10910.0.2.109
11110.0.2.110/3210.0.2.110 – 10.0.2.11010.0.2.110
11210.0.2.111/3210.0.2.111 – 10.0.2.11110.0.2.111
11310.0.2.112/3210.0.2.112 – 10.0.2.11210.0.2.112
11410.0.2.113/3210.0.2.113 – 10.0.2.11310.0.2.113
11510.0.2.114/3210.0.2.114 – 10.0.2.11410.0.2.114
11610.0.2.115/3210.0.2.115 – 10.0.2.11510.0.2.115
11710.0.2.116/3210.0.2.116 – 10.0.2.11610.0.2.116
11810.0.2.117/3210.0.2.117 – 10.0.2.11710.0.2.117
11910.0.2.118/3210.0.2.118 – 10.0.2.11810.0.2.118
12010.0.2.119/3210.0.2.119 – 10.0.2.11910.0.2.119
12110.0.2.120/3210.0.2.120 – 10.0.2.12010.0.2.120
12210.0.2.121/3210.0.2.121 – 10.0.2.12110.0.2.121
12310.0.2.122/3210.0.2.122 – 10.0.2.12210.0.2.122
12410.0.2.123/3210.0.2.123 – 10.0.2.12310.0.2.123
12510.0.2.124/3210.0.2.124 – 10.0.2.12410.0.2.124
12610.0.2.125/3210.0.2.125 – 10.0.2.12510.0.2.125
12710.0.2.126/3210.0.2.126 – 10.0.2.12610.0.2.126
12810.0.2.127/3210.0.2.127 – 10.0.2.12710.0.2.127
12910.0.2.128/3210.0.2.128 – 10.0.2.12810.0.2.128
13010.0.2.129/3210.0.2.129 – 10.0.2.12910.0.2.129
13110.0.2.130/3210.0.2.130 – 10.0.2.13010.0.2.130
13210.0.2.131/3210.0.2.131 – 10.0.2.13110.0.2.131
13310.0.2.132/3210.0.2.132 – 10.0.2.13210.0.2.132
13410.0.2.133/3210.0.2.133 – 10.0.2.13310.0.2.133
13510.0.2.134/3210.0.2.134 – 10.0.2.13410.0.2.134
13610.0.2.135/3210.0.2.135 – 10.0.2.13510.0.2.135
13710.0.2.136/3210.0.2.136 – 10.0.2.13610.0.2.136
13810.0.2.137/3210.0.2.137 – 10.0.2.13710.0.2.137
13910.0.2.138/3210.0.2.138 – 10.0.2.13810.0.2.138
14010.0.2.139/3210.0.2.139 – 10.0.2.13910.0.2.139
14110.0.2.140/3210.0.2.140 – 10.0.2.14010.0.2.140
14210.0.2.141/3210.0.2.141 – 10.0.2.14110.0.2.141
14310.0.2.142/3210.0.2.142 – 10.0.2.14210.0.2.142
14410.0.2.143/3210.0.2.143 – 10.0.2.14310.0.2.143
14510.0.2.144/3210.0.2.144 – 10.0.2.14410.0.2.144
14610.0.2.145/3210.0.2.145 – 10.0.2.14510.0.2.145
14710.0.2.146/3210.0.2.146 – 10.0.2.14610.0.2.146
14810.0.2.147/3210.0.2.147 – 10.0.2.14710.0.2.147
14910.0.2.148/3210.0.2.148 – 10.0.2.14810.0.2.148
15010.0.2.149/3210.0.2.149 – 10.0.2.14910.0.2.149
15110.0.2.150/3210.0.2.150 – 10.0.2.15010.0.2.150
15210.0.2.151/3210.0.2.151 – 10.0.2.15110.0.2.151
15310.0.2.152/3210.0.2.152 – 10.0.2.15210.0.2.152
15410.0.2.153/3210.0.2.153 – 10.0.2.15310.0.2.153
15510.0.2.154/3210.0.2.154 – 10.0.2.15410.0.2.154
15610.0.2.155/3210.0.2.155 – 10.0.2.15510.0.2.155
15710.0.2.156/3210.0.2.156 – 10.0.2.15610.0.2.156
15810.0.2.157/3210.0.2.157 – 10.0.2.15710.0.2.157
15910.0.2.158/3210.0.2.158 – 10.0.2.15810.0.2.158
16010.0.2.159/3210.0.2.159 – 10.0.2.15910.0.2.159
16110.0.2.160/3210.0.2.160 – 10.0.2.16010.0.2.160
16210.0.2.161/3210.0.2.161 – 10.0.2.16110.0.2.161
16310.0.2.162/3210.0.2.162 – 10.0.2.16210.0.2.162
16410.0.2.163/3210.0.2.163 – 10.0.2.16310.0.2.163
16510.0.2.164/3210.0.2.164 – 10.0.2.16410.0.2.164
16610.0.2.165/3210.0.2.165 – 10.0.2.16510.0.2.165
16710.0.2.166/3210.0.2.166 – 10.0.2.16610.0.2.166
16810.0.2.167/3210.0.2.167 – 10.0.2.16710.0.2.167
16910.0.2.168/3210.0.2.168 – 10.0.2.16810.0.2.168
17010.0.2.169/3210.0.2.169 – 10.0.2.16910.0.2.169
17110.0.2.170/3210.0.2.170 – 10.0.2.17010.0.2.170
17210.0.2.171/3210.0.2.171 – 10.0.2.17110.0.2.171
17310.0.2.172/3210.0.2.172 – 10.0.2.17210.0.2.172
17410.0.2.173/3210.0.2.173 – 10.0.2.17310.0.2.173
17510.0.2.174/3210.0.2.174 – 10.0.2.17410.0.2.174
17610.0.2.175/3210.0.2.175 – 10.0.2.17510.0.2.175
17710.0.2.176/3210.0.2.176 – 10.0.2.17610.0.2.176
17810.0.2.177/3210.0.2.177 – 10.0.2.17710.0.2.177
17910.0.2.178/3210.0.2.178 – 10.0.2.17810.0.2.178
18010.0.2.179/3210.0.2.179 – 10.0.2.17910.0.2.179
18110.0.2.180/3210.0.2.180 – 10.0.2.18010.0.2.180
18210.0.2.181/3210.0.2.181 – 10.0.2.18110.0.2.181
18310.0.2.182/3210.0.2.182 – 10.0.2.18210.0.2.182
18410.0.2.183/3210.0.2.183 – 10.0.2.18310.0.2.183
18510.0.2.184/3210.0.2.184 – 10.0.2.18410.0.2.184
18610.0.2.185/3210.0.2.185 – 10.0.2.18510.0.2.185
18710.0.2.186/3210.0.2.186 – 10.0.2.18610.0.2.186
18810.0.2.187/3210.0.2.187 – 10.0.2.18710.0.2.187
18910.0.2.188/3210.0.2.188 – 10.0.2.18810.0.2.188
19010.0.2.189/3210.0.2.189 – 10.0.2.18910.0.2.189
19110.0.2.190/3210.0.2.190 – 10.0.2.19010.0.2.190
19210.0.2.191/3210.0.2.191 – 10.0.2.19110.0.2.191
19310.0.2.192/3210.0.2.192 – 10.0.2.19210.0.2.192
19410.0.2.193/3210.0.2.193 – 10.0.2.19310.0.2.193
19510.0.2.194/3210.0.2.194 – 10.0.2.19410.0.2.194
19610.0.2.195/3210.0.2.195 – 10.0.2.19510.0.2.195
19710.0.2.196/3210.0.2.196 – 10.0.2.19610.0.2.196
19810.0.2.197/3210.0.2.197 – 10.0.2.19710.0.2.197
19910.0.2.198/3210.0.2.198 – 10.0.2.19810.0.2.198
20010.0.2.199/3210.0.2.199 – 10.0.2.19910.0.2.199
20110.0.2.200/3210.0.2.200 – 10.0.2.20010.0.2.200
20210.0.2.201/3210.0.2.201 – 10.0.2.20110.0.2.201
20310.0.2.202/3210.0.2.202 – 10.0.2.20210.0.2.202
20410.0.2.203/3210.0.2.203 – 10.0.2.20310.0.2.203
20510.0.2.204/3210.0.2.204 – 10.0.2.20410.0.2.204
20610.0.2.205/3210.0.2.205 – 10.0.2.20510.0.2.205
20710.0.2.206/3210.0.2.206 – 10.0.2.20610.0.2.206
20810.0.2.207/3210.0.2.207 – 10.0.2.20710.0.2.207
20910.0.2.208/3210.0.2.208 – 10.0.2.20810.0.2.208
21010.0.2.209/3210.0.2.209 – 10.0.2.20910.0.2.209
21110.0.2.210/3210.0.2.210 – 10.0.2.21010.0.2.210
21210.0.2.211/3210.0.2.211 – 10.0.2.21110.0.2.211
21310.0.2.212/3210.0.2.212 – 10.0.2.21210.0.2.212
21410.0.2.213/3210.0.2.213 – 10.0.2.21310.0.2.213
21510.0.2.214/3210.0.2.214 – 10.0.2.21410.0.2.214
21610.0.2.215/3210.0.2.215 – 10.0.2.21510.0.2.215
21710.0.2.216/3210.0.2.216 – 10.0.2.21610.0.2.216
21810.0.2.217/3210.0.2.217 – 10.0.2.21710.0.2.217
21910.0.2.218/3210.0.2.218 – 10.0.2.21810.0.2.218
22010.0.2.219/3210.0.2.219 – 10.0.2.21910.0.2.219
22110.0.2.220/3210.0.2.220 – 10.0.2.22010.0.2.220
22210.0.2.221/3210.0.2.221 – 10.0.2.22110.0.2.221
22310.0.2.222/3210.0.2.222 – 10.0.2.22210.0.2.222
22410.0.2.223/3210.0.2.223 – 10.0.2.22310.0.2.223
22510.0.2.224/3210.0.2.224 – 10.0.2.22410.0.2.224
22610.0.2.225/3210.0.2.225 – 10.0.2.22510.0.2.225
22710.0.2.226/3210.0.2.226 – 10.0.2.22610.0.2.226
22810.0.2.227/3210.0.2.227 – 10.0.2.22710.0.2.227
22910.0.2.228/3210.0.2.228 – 10.0.2.22810.0.2.228
23010.0.2.229/3210.0.2.229 – 10.0.2.22910.0.2.229
23110.0.2.230/3210.0.2.230 – 10.0.2.23010.0.2.230
23210.0.2.231/3210.0.2.231 – 10.0.2.23110.0.2.231
23310.0.2.232/3210.0.2.232 – 10.0.2.23210.0.2.232
23410.0.2.233/3210.0.2.233 – 10.0.2.23310.0.2.233
23510.0.2.234/3210.0.2.234 – 10.0.2.23410.0.2.234
23610.0.2.235/3210.0.2.235 – 10.0.2.23510.0.2.235
23710.0.2.236/3210.0.2.236 – 10.0.2.23610.0.2.236
23810.0.2.237/3210.0.2.237 – 10.0.2.23710.0.2.237
23910.0.2.238/3210.0.2.238 – 10.0.2.23810.0.2.238
24010.0.2.239/3210.0.2.239 – 10.0.2.23910.0.2.239
24110.0.2.240/3210.0.2.240 – 10.0.2.24010.0.2.240
24210.0.2.241/3210.0.2.241 – 10.0.2.24110.0.2.241
24310.0.2.242/3210.0.2.242 – 10.0.2.24210.0.2.242
24410.0.2.243/3210.0.2.243 – 10.0.2.24310.0.2.243
24510.0.2.244/3210.0.2.244 – 10.0.2.24410.0.2.244
24610.0.2.245/3210.0.2.245 – 10.0.2.24510.0.2.245
24710.0.2.246/3210.0.2.246 – 10.0.2.24610.0.2.246
24810.0.2.247/3210.0.2.247 – 10.0.2.24710.0.2.247
24910.0.2.248/3210.0.2.248 – 10.0.2.24810.0.2.248
25010.0.2.249/3210.0.2.249 – 10.0.2.24910.0.2.249
25110.0.2.250/3210.0.2.250 – 10.0.2.25010.0.2.250
25210.0.2.251/3210.0.2.251 – 10.0.2.25110.0.2.251
25310.0.2.252/3210.0.2.252 – 10.0.2.25210.0.2.252
25410.0.2.253/3210.0.2.253 – 10.0.2.25310.0.2.253
25510.0.2.254/3210.0.2.254 – 10.0.2.25410.0.2.254
25610.0.2.255/3210.0.2.255 – 10.0.2.25510.0.2.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →