ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.0.174.0/23
network10.0.174.0/23
broadcast10.0.175.255
first host10.0.174.1
last host10.0.175.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.0.174.0/23
address00001010.00000000.10101110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.00000000.10101110.00000000
broadcast00001010.00000000.10101111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a00ae00
decimal167816704
reverse dns0.174.0.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a00:ae00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.0.174.0/3110.0.174.0 – 10.0.174.110.0.174.1
210.0.174.2/3110.0.174.2 – 10.0.174.310.0.174.3
310.0.174.4/3110.0.174.4 – 10.0.174.510.0.174.5
410.0.174.6/3110.0.174.6 – 10.0.174.710.0.174.7
510.0.174.8/3110.0.174.8 – 10.0.174.910.0.174.9
610.0.174.10/3110.0.174.10 – 10.0.174.1110.0.174.11
710.0.174.12/3110.0.174.12 – 10.0.174.1310.0.174.13
810.0.174.14/3110.0.174.14 – 10.0.174.1510.0.174.15
910.0.174.16/3110.0.174.16 – 10.0.174.1710.0.174.17
1010.0.174.18/3110.0.174.18 – 10.0.174.1910.0.174.19
1110.0.174.20/3110.0.174.20 – 10.0.174.2110.0.174.21
1210.0.174.22/3110.0.174.22 – 10.0.174.2310.0.174.23
1310.0.174.24/3110.0.174.24 – 10.0.174.2510.0.174.25
1410.0.174.26/3110.0.174.26 – 10.0.174.2710.0.174.27
1510.0.174.28/3110.0.174.28 – 10.0.174.2910.0.174.29
1610.0.174.30/3110.0.174.30 – 10.0.174.3110.0.174.31
1710.0.174.32/3110.0.174.32 – 10.0.174.3310.0.174.33
1810.0.174.34/3110.0.174.34 – 10.0.174.3510.0.174.35
1910.0.174.36/3110.0.174.36 – 10.0.174.3710.0.174.37
2010.0.174.38/3110.0.174.38 – 10.0.174.3910.0.174.39
2110.0.174.40/3110.0.174.40 – 10.0.174.4110.0.174.41
2210.0.174.42/3110.0.174.42 – 10.0.174.4310.0.174.43
2310.0.174.44/3110.0.174.44 – 10.0.174.4510.0.174.45
2410.0.174.46/3110.0.174.46 – 10.0.174.4710.0.174.47
2510.0.174.48/3110.0.174.48 – 10.0.174.4910.0.174.49
2610.0.174.50/3110.0.174.50 – 10.0.174.5110.0.174.51
2710.0.174.52/3110.0.174.52 – 10.0.174.5310.0.174.53
2810.0.174.54/3110.0.174.54 – 10.0.174.5510.0.174.55
2910.0.174.56/3110.0.174.56 – 10.0.174.5710.0.174.57
3010.0.174.58/3110.0.174.58 – 10.0.174.5910.0.174.59
3110.0.174.60/3110.0.174.60 – 10.0.174.6110.0.174.61
3210.0.174.62/3110.0.174.62 – 10.0.174.6310.0.174.63
3310.0.174.64/3110.0.174.64 – 10.0.174.6510.0.174.65
3410.0.174.66/3110.0.174.66 – 10.0.174.6710.0.174.67
3510.0.174.68/3110.0.174.68 – 10.0.174.6910.0.174.69
3610.0.174.70/3110.0.174.70 – 10.0.174.7110.0.174.71
3710.0.174.72/3110.0.174.72 – 10.0.174.7310.0.174.73
3810.0.174.74/3110.0.174.74 – 10.0.174.7510.0.174.75
3910.0.174.76/3110.0.174.76 – 10.0.174.7710.0.174.77
4010.0.174.78/3110.0.174.78 – 10.0.174.7910.0.174.79
4110.0.174.80/3110.0.174.80 – 10.0.174.8110.0.174.81
4210.0.174.82/3110.0.174.82 – 10.0.174.8310.0.174.83
4310.0.174.84/3110.0.174.84 – 10.0.174.8510.0.174.85
4410.0.174.86/3110.0.174.86 – 10.0.174.8710.0.174.87
4510.0.174.88/3110.0.174.88 – 10.0.174.8910.0.174.89
4610.0.174.90/3110.0.174.90 – 10.0.174.9110.0.174.91
4710.0.174.92/3110.0.174.92 – 10.0.174.9310.0.174.93
4810.0.174.94/3110.0.174.94 – 10.0.174.9510.0.174.95
4910.0.174.96/3110.0.174.96 – 10.0.174.9710.0.174.97
5010.0.174.98/3110.0.174.98 – 10.0.174.9910.0.174.99
5110.0.174.100/3110.0.174.100 – 10.0.174.10110.0.174.101
5210.0.174.102/3110.0.174.102 – 10.0.174.10310.0.174.103
5310.0.174.104/3110.0.174.104 – 10.0.174.10510.0.174.105
5410.0.174.106/3110.0.174.106 – 10.0.174.10710.0.174.107
5510.0.174.108/3110.0.174.108 – 10.0.174.10910.0.174.109
5610.0.174.110/3110.0.174.110 – 10.0.174.11110.0.174.111
5710.0.174.112/3110.0.174.112 – 10.0.174.11310.0.174.113
5810.0.174.114/3110.0.174.114 – 10.0.174.11510.0.174.115
5910.0.174.116/3110.0.174.116 – 10.0.174.11710.0.174.117
6010.0.174.118/3110.0.174.118 – 10.0.174.11910.0.174.119
6110.0.174.120/3110.0.174.120 – 10.0.174.12110.0.174.121
6210.0.174.122/3110.0.174.122 – 10.0.174.12310.0.174.123
6310.0.174.124/3110.0.174.124 – 10.0.174.12510.0.174.125
6410.0.174.126/3110.0.174.126 – 10.0.174.12710.0.174.127
6510.0.174.128/3110.0.174.128 – 10.0.174.12910.0.174.129
6610.0.174.130/3110.0.174.130 – 10.0.174.13110.0.174.131
6710.0.174.132/3110.0.174.132 – 10.0.174.13310.0.174.133
6810.0.174.134/3110.0.174.134 – 10.0.174.13510.0.174.135
6910.0.174.136/3110.0.174.136 – 10.0.174.13710.0.174.137
7010.0.174.138/3110.0.174.138 – 10.0.174.13910.0.174.139
7110.0.174.140/3110.0.174.140 – 10.0.174.14110.0.174.141
7210.0.174.142/3110.0.174.142 – 10.0.174.14310.0.174.143
7310.0.174.144/3110.0.174.144 – 10.0.174.14510.0.174.145
7410.0.174.146/3110.0.174.146 – 10.0.174.14710.0.174.147
7510.0.174.148/3110.0.174.148 – 10.0.174.14910.0.174.149
7610.0.174.150/3110.0.174.150 – 10.0.174.15110.0.174.151
7710.0.174.152/3110.0.174.152 – 10.0.174.15310.0.174.153
7810.0.174.154/3110.0.174.154 – 10.0.174.15510.0.174.155
7910.0.174.156/3110.0.174.156 – 10.0.174.15710.0.174.157
8010.0.174.158/3110.0.174.158 – 10.0.174.15910.0.174.159
8110.0.174.160/3110.0.174.160 – 10.0.174.16110.0.174.161
8210.0.174.162/3110.0.174.162 – 10.0.174.16310.0.174.163
8310.0.174.164/3110.0.174.164 – 10.0.174.16510.0.174.165
8410.0.174.166/3110.0.174.166 – 10.0.174.16710.0.174.167
8510.0.174.168/3110.0.174.168 – 10.0.174.16910.0.174.169
8610.0.174.170/3110.0.174.170 – 10.0.174.17110.0.174.171
8710.0.174.172/3110.0.174.172 – 10.0.174.17310.0.174.173
8810.0.174.174/3110.0.174.174 – 10.0.174.17510.0.174.175
8910.0.174.176/3110.0.174.176 – 10.0.174.17710.0.174.177
9010.0.174.178/3110.0.174.178 – 10.0.174.17910.0.174.179
9110.0.174.180/3110.0.174.180 – 10.0.174.18110.0.174.181
9210.0.174.182/3110.0.174.182 – 10.0.174.18310.0.174.183
9310.0.174.184/3110.0.174.184 – 10.0.174.18510.0.174.185
9410.0.174.186/3110.0.174.186 – 10.0.174.18710.0.174.187
9510.0.174.188/3110.0.174.188 – 10.0.174.18910.0.174.189
9610.0.174.190/3110.0.174.190 – 10.0.174.19110.0.174.191
9710.0.174.192/3110.0.174.192 – 10.0.174.19310.0.174.193
9810.0.174.194/3110.0.174.194 – 10.0.174.19510.0.174.195
9910.0.174.196/3110.0.174.196 – 10.0.174.19710.0.174.197
10010.0.174.198/3110.0.174.198 – 10.0.174.19910.0.174.199
10110.0.174.200/3110.0.174.200 – 10.0.174.20110.0.174.201
10210.0.174.202/3110.0.174.202 – 10.0.174.20310.0.174.203
10310.0.174.204/3110.0.174.204 – 10.0.174.20510.0.174.205
10410.0.174.206/3110.0.174.206 – 10.0.174.20710.0.174.207
10510.0.174.208/3110.0.174.208 – 10.0.174.20910.0.174.209
10610.0.174.210/3110.0.174.210 – 10.0.174.21110.0.174.211
10710.0.174.212/3110.0.174.212 – 10.0.174.21310.0.174.213
10810.0.174.214/3110.0.174.214 – 10.0.174.21510.0.174.215
10910.0.174.216/3110.0.174.216 – 10.0.174.21710.0.174.217
11010.0.174.218/3110.0.174.218 – 10.0.174.21910.0.174.219
11110.0.174.220/3110.0.174.220 – 10.0.174.22110.0.174.221
11210.0.174.222/3110.0.174.222 – 10.0.174.22310.0.174.223
11310.0.174.224/3110.0.174.224 – 10.0.174.22510.0.174.225
11410.0.174.226/3110.0.174.226 – 10.0.174.22710.0.174.227
11510.0.174.228/3110.0.174.228 – 10.0.174.22910.0.174.229
11610.0.174.230/3110.0.174.230 – 10.0.174.23110.0.174.231
11710.0.174.232/3110.0.174.232 – 10.0.174.23310.0.174.233
11810.0.174.234/3110.0.174.234 – 10.0.174.23510.0.174.235
11910.0.174.236/3110.0.174.236 – 10.0.174.23710.0.174.237
12010.0.174.238/3110.0.174.238 – 10.0.174.23910.0.174.239
12110.0.174.240/3110.0.174.240 – 10.0.174.24110.0.174.241
12210.0.174.242/3110.0.174.242 – 10.0.174.24310.0.174.243
12310.0.174.244/3110.0.174.244 – 10.0.174.24510.0.174.245
12410.0.174.246/3110.0.174.246 – 10.0.174.24710.0.174.247
12510.0.174.248/3110.0.174.248 – 10.0.174.24910.0.174.249
12610.0.174.250/3110.0.174.250 – 10.0.174.25110.0.174.251
12710.0.174.252/3110.0.174.252 – 10.0.174.25310.0.174.253
12810.0.174.254/3110.0.174.254 – 10.0.174.25510.0.174.255
12910.0.175.0/3110.0.175.0 – 10.0.175.110.0.175.1
13010.0.175.2/3110.0.175.2 – 10.0.175.310.0.175.3
13110.0.175.4/3110.0.175.4 – 10.0.175.510.0.175.5
13210.0.175.6/3110.0.175.6 – 10.0.175.710.0.175.7
13310.0.175.8/3110.0.175.8 – 10.0.175.910.0.175.9
13410.0.175.10/3110.0.175.10 – 10.0.175.1110.0.175.11
13510.0.175.12/3110.0.175.12 – 10.0.175.1310.0.175.13
13610.0.175.14/3110.0.175.14 – 10.0.175.1510.0.175.15
13710.0.175.16/3110.0.175.16 – 10.0.175.1710.0.175.17
13810.0.175.18/3110.0.175.18 – 10.0.175.1910.0.175.19
13910.0.175.20/3110.0.175.20 – 10.0.175.2110.0.175.21
14010.0.175.22/3110.0.175.22 – 10.0.175.2310.0.175.23
14110.0.175.24/3110.0.175.24 – 10.0.175.2510.0.175.25
14210.0.175.26/3110.0.175.26 – 10.0.175.2710.0.175.27
14310.0.175.28/3110.0.175.28 – 10.0.175.2910.0.175.29
14410.0.175.30/3110.0.175.30 – 10.0.175.3110.0.175.31
14510.0.175.32/3110.0.175.32 – 10.0.175.3310.0.175.33
14610.0.175.34/3110.0.175.34 – 10.0.175.3510.0.175.35
14710.0.175.36/3110.0.175.36 – 10.0.175.3710.0.175.37
14810.0.175.38/3110.0.175.38 – 10.0.175.3910.0.175.39
14910.0.175.40/3110.0.175.40 – 10.0.175.4110.0.175.41
15010.0.175.42/3110.0.175.42 – 10.0.175.4310.0.175.43
15110.0.175.44/3110.0.175.44 – 10.0.175.4510.0.175.45
15210.0.175.46/3110.0.175.46 – 10.0.175.4710.0.175.47
15310.0.175.48/3110.0.175.48 – 10.0.175.4910.0.175.49
15410.0.175.50/3110.0.175.50 – 10.0.175.5110.0.175.51
15510.0.175.52/3110.0.175.52 – 10.0.175.5310.0.175.53
15610.0.175.54/3110.0.175.54 – 10.0.175.5510.0.175.55
15710.0.175.56/3110.0.175.56 – 10.0.175.5710.0.175.57
15810.0.175.58/3110.0.175.58 – 10.0.175.5910.0.175.59
15910.0.175.60/3110.0.175.60 – 10.0.175.6110.0.175.61
16010.0.175.62/3110.0.175.62 – 10.0.175.6310.0.175.63
16110.0.175.64/3110.0.175.64 – 10.0.175.6510.0.175.65
16210.0.175.66/3110.0.175.66 – 10.0.175.6710.0.175.67
16310.0.175.68/3110.0.175.68 – 10.0.175.6910.0.175.69
16410.0.175.70/3110.0.175.70 – 10.0.175.7110.0.175.71
16510.0.175.72/3110.0.175.72 – 10.0.175.7310.0.175.73
16610.0.175.74/3110.0.175.74 – 10.0.175.7510.0.175.75
16710.0.175.76/3110.0.175.76 – 10.0.175.7710.0.175.77
16810.0.175.78/3110.0.175.78 – 10.0.175.7910.0.175.79
16910.0.175.80/3110.0.175.80 – 10.0.175.8110.0.175.81
17010.0.175.82/3110.0.175.82 – 10.0.175.8310.0.175.83
17110.0.175.84/3110.0.175.84 – 10.0.175.8510.0.175.85
17210.0.175.86/3110.0.175.86 – 10.0.175.8710.0.175.87
17310.0.175.88/3110.0.175.88 – 10.0.175.8910.0.175.89
17410.0.175.90/3110.0.175.90 – 10.0.175.9110.0.175.91
17510.0.175.92/3110.0.175.92 – 10.0.175.9310.0.175.93
17610.0.175.94/3110.0.175.94 – 10.0.175.9510.0.175.95
17710.0.175.96/3110.0.175.96 – 10.0.175.9710.0.175.97
17810.0.175.98/3110.0.175.98 – 10.0.175.9910.0.175.99
17910.0.175.100/3110.0.175.100 – 10.0.175.10110.0.175.101
18010.0.175.102/3110.0.175.102 – 10.0.175.10310.0.175.103
18110.0.175.104/3110.0.175.104 – 10.0.175.10510.0.175.105
18210.0.175.106/3110.0.175.106 – 10.0.175.10710.0.175.107
18310.0.175.108/3110.0.175.108 – 10.0.175.10910.0.175.109
18410.0.175.110/3110.0.175.110 – 10.0.175.11110.0.175.111
18510.0.175.112/3110.0.175.112 – 10.0.175.11310.0.175.113
18610.0.175.114/3110.0.175.114 – 10.0.175.11510.0.175.115
18710.0.175.116/3110.0.175.116 – 10.0.175.11710.0.175.117
18810.0.175.118/3110.0.175.118 – 10.0.175.11910.0.175.119
18910.0.175.120/3110.0.175.120 – 10.0.175.12110.0.175.121
19010.0.175.122/3110.0.175.122 – 10.0.175.12310.0.175.123
19110.0.175.124/3110.0.175.124 – 10.0.175.12510.0.175.125
19210.0.175.126/3110.0.175.126 – 10.0.175.12710.0.175.127
19310.0.175.128/3110.0.175.128 – 10.0.175.12910.0.175.129
19410.0.175.130/3110.0.175.130 – 10.0.175.13110.0.175.131
19510.0.175.132/3110.0.175.132 – 10.0.175.13310.0.175.133
19610.0.175.134/3110.0.175.134 – 10.0.175.13510.0.175.135
19710.0.175.136/3110.0.175.136 – 10.0.175.13710.0.175.137
19810.0.175.138/3110.0.175.138 – 10.0.175.13910.0.175.139
19910.0.175.140/3110.0.175.140 – 10.0.175.14110.0.175.141
20010.0.175.142/3110.0.175.142 – 10.0.175.14310.0.175.143
20110.0.175.144/3110.0.175.144 – 10.0.175.14510.0.175.145
20210.0.175.146/3110.0.175.146 – 10.0.175.14710.0.175.147
20310.0.175.148/3110.0.175.148 – 10.0.175.14910.0.175.149
20410.0.175.150/3110.0.175.150 – 10.0.175.15110.0.175.151
20510.0.175.152/3110.0.175.152 – 10.0.175.15310.0.175.153
20610.0.175.154/3110.0.175.154 – 10.0.175.15510.0.175.155
20710.0.175.156/3110.0.175.156 – 10.0.175.15710.0.175.157
20810.0.175.158/3110.0.175.158 – 10.0.175.15910.0.175.159
20910.0.175.160/3110.0.175.160 – 10.0.175.16110.0.175.161
21010.0.175.162/3110.0.175.162 – 10.0.175.16310.0.175.163
21110.0.175.164/3110.0.175.164 – 10.0.175.16510.0.175.165
21210.0.175.166/3110.0.175.166 – 10.0.175.16710.0.175.167
21310.0.175.168/3110.0.175.168 – 10.0.175.16910.0.175.169
21410.0.175.170/3110.0.175.170 – 10.0.175.17110.0.175.171
21510.0.175.172/3110.0.175.172 – 10.0.175.17310.0.175.173
21610.0.175.174/3110.0.175.174 – 10.0.175.17510.0.175.175
21710.0.175.176/3110.0.175.176 – 10.0.175.17710.0.175.177
21810.0.175.178/3110.0.175.178 – 10.0.175.17910.0.175.179
21910.0.175.180/3110.0.175.180 – 10.0.175.18110.0.175.181
22010.0.175.182/3110.0.175.182 – 10.0.175.18310.0.175.183
22110.0.175.184/3110.0.175.184 – 10.0.175.18510.0.175.185
22210.0.175.186/3110.0.175.186 – 10.0.175.18710.0.175.187
22310.0.175.188/3110.0.175.188 – 10.0.175.18910.0.175.189
22410.0.175.190/3110.0.175.190 – 10.0.175.19110.0.175.191
22510.0.175.192/3110.0.175.192 – 10.0.175.19310.0.175.193
22610.0.175.194/3110.0.175.194 – 10.0.175.19510.0.175.195
22710.0.175.196/3110.0.175.196 – 10.0.175.19710.0.175.197
22810.0.175.198/3110.0.175.198 – 10.0.175.19910.0.175.199
22910.0.175.200/3110.0.175.200 – 10.0.175.20110.0.175.201
23010.0.175.202/3110.0.175.202 – 10.0.175.20310.0.175.203
23110.0.175.204/3110.0.175.204 – 10.0.175.20510.0.175.205
23210.0.175.206/3110.0.175.206 – 10.0.175.20710.0.175.207
23310.0.175.208/3110.0.175.208 – 10.0.175.20910.0.175.209
23410.0.175.210/3110.0.175.210 – 10.0.175.21110.0.175.211
23510.0.175.212/3110.0.175.212 – 10.0.175.21310.0.175.213
23610.0.175.214/3110.0.175.214 – 10.0.175.21510.0.175.215
23710.0.175.216/3110.0.175.216 – 10.0.175.21710.0.175.217
23810.0.175.218/3110.0.175.218 – 10.0.175.21910.0.175.219
23910.0.175.220/3110.0.175.220 – 10.0.175.22110.0.175.221
24010.0.175.222/3110.0.175.222 – 10.0.175.22310.0.175.223
24110.0.175.224/3110.0.175.224 – 10.0.175.22510.0.175.225
24210.0.175.226/3110.0.175.226 – 10.0.175.22710.0.175.227
24310.0.175.228/3110.0.175.228 – 10.0.175.22910.0.175.229
24410.0.175.230/3110.0.175.230 – 10.0.175.23110.0.175.231
24510.0.175.232/3110.0.175.232 – 10.0.175.23310.0.175.233
24610.0.175.234/3110.0.175.234 – 10.0.175.23510.0.175.235
24710.0.175.236/3110.0.175.236 – 10.0.175.23710.0.175.237
24810.0.175.238/3110.0.175.238 – 10.0.175.23910.0.175.239
24910.0.175.240/3110.0.175.240 – 10.0.175.24110.0.175.241
25010.0.175.242/3110.0.175.242 – 10.0.175.24310.0.175.243
25110.0.175.244/3110.0.175.244 – 10.0.175.24510.0.175.245
25210.0.175.246/3110.0.175.246 – 10.0.175.24710.0.175.247
25310.0.175.248/3110.0.175.248 – 10.0.175.24910.0.175.249
25410.0.175.250/3110.0.175.250 – 10.0.175.25110.0.175.251
25510.0.175.252/3110.0.175.252 – 10.0.175.25310.0.175.253
25610.0.175.254/3110.0.175.254 – 10.0.175.25510.0.175.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →